Plain-English reference

Digital Advertising Glossary

Clear definitions of the advertising, measurement and business terms that matter when you are deciding where to spend and what to change.

81 essential terms

Google Ads

Google Ads

Ad Rank

Ad Rank is the set of auction-time calculations Google uses to decide whether an ad can show and where it appears.

Google Ads

Ad Strength

Ad Strength is a Google Ads diagnostic rating of the relevance, quantity and diversity of assets supplied for an ad or asset group.

Google Ads

Asset Group

An asset group is a collection of creative assets and audience or product inputs used together within a Performance Max campaign.

Google Ads

Auction Insights

Auction Insights is a Google Ads report that compares your visibility with other advertisers participating in the same eligible auctions.

Google Ads

Audience Signal

An audience signal is an advertiser-provided input that helps Google understand which people may be relevant to a campaign.

Google Ads

Conversion Value

Conversion value is the numeric value assigned to an action recorded as a conversion in Google Ads.

Google Ads

Cost Per Click (CPC)

Cost per click is the average amount you pay when someone clicks your ad.

Google Ads

Customer Match

Customer Match is a Google Ads audience feature that uses a business's first-party customer data to reach, exclude or model audiences across eligible Google inventory.

Google Ads

Demand Gen

Demand Gen is a Google Ads campaign type designed to create and capture demand with visual ads across Google's discovery-focused inventory.

Google Ads

Enhanced Conversions

Enhanced conversions are a Google Ads measurement feature that uses hashed first-party customer data to improve conversion matching.

Google Ads

Keyword Match Types

Keyword match types control how closely a search must relate to a keyword before Google can consider showing an ad.

Google Ads

Maximize Conversion Value

Maximize Conversion Value is a Smart Bidding strategy designed to generate the greatest total recorded conversion value within the campaign's budget.

Google Ads

Maximize Conversions

Maximize Conversions is a Smart Bidding strategy designed to generate the most recorded conversions possible within the campaign's budget.

Google Ads

Negative Keywords

Negative keywords are terms that prevent ads from showing for searches containing or matching unwanted language.

Google Ads

Optimization Score

Optimization Score is Google's estimate of how well a Google Ads account or campaign is set up to perform, expressed from 0% to 100%.

Google Ads

Performance Max

Performance Max is a goal-based Google Ads campaign type that can serve across Google's advertising inventory from one campaign.

Google Ads

Quality Score

Quality Score is Google Ads' 1-to-10 diagnostic estimate of how your keyword and ad experience compare with other advertisers.

Google Ads

Responsive Search Ads

A responsive search ad is a Google Search ad made from multiple headlines and descriptions that Google can assemble in different combinations.

Google Ads

Search Impression Share

The percentage of eligible Google Search impressions your ads actually received.

Google Ads

Search Lost Impression Share (Budget)

Search lost impression share due to budget estimates the percentage of eligible Search impressions missed because the campaign's budget was insufficient.

Google Ads

Search Lost Impression Share (Rank)

Search lost impression share due to rank estimates the percentage of eligible Search impressions missed because Ad Rank was too low.

Google Ads

Search Partners

Search Partners are non-Google websites and properties where eligible Google Search campaign ads can appear.

Google Ads

Search Terms

Search terms are the actual words people typed or spoke before seeing and clicking a Google Search ad.

Google Ads

Search Top Impression Rate

Search top impression rate is the percentage of your Search ad impressions that appeared above the unpaid organic results.

Google Ads

Smart Bidding

Smart Bidding is Google Ads' group of automated bid strategies that use Google AI to optimize for conversions or conversion value in each auction.

Google Ads

Target CPA

Target CPA is a Smart Bidding strategy that seeks as many conversions as possible at roughly the average cost per acquisition target you set.

Google Ads

Target ROAS

Target ROAS is a Smart Bidding strategy that seeks conversion value while aiming for the average return on ad spend target you set.

Meta Ads

Meta Ads

Advantage+ Placements

Advantage+ placements is Meta's automated option for distributing ads across eligible placements in Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and Audience Network.

Meta Ads

Advantage+ Shopping Campaign

An Advantage+ shopping campaign is a Meta campaign setup that uses extensive automation to find likely purchasers and allocate delivery.

Meta Ads

Broad Targeting

Broad targeting is a Meta advertising approach that leaves detailed audience restrictions minimal and lets the delivery system find likely converters.

Meta Ads

Campaign Objective

A Meta campaign objective tells the delivery system which broad business outcome to optimize toward, such as awareness, traffic, engagement, leads, app promotion or sales.

Meta Ads

Cost Per Mille (CPM)

CPM is the average cost to deliver 1,000 ad impressions.

Meta Ads

Custom Audience

A Custom Audience is a Meta audience built from people who already interacted with a business or appear in an eligible first-party data source.

Meta Ads

Event Match Quality

Event Match Quality is Meta's diagnostic estimate of how effectively customer information sent with an event may be matched to Meta accounts.

Meta Ads

Frequency

Frequency is the average number of times each reached person saw an ad during the selected period.

Meta Ads

Learning Phase

The learning phase is the period when Meta's delivery system is exploring how best to deliver a new or materially changed ad set.

Meta Ads

Lookalike Audience

A Lookalike Audience is a Meta audience of people who share characteristics with a selected source audience.

Meta Ads

Meta Catalog Ads

Meta catalog ads use a product or service catalog to automatically show relevant items in ads.

Meta Ads

Meta Conversions API

Meta Conversions API is a server-side method for sending marketing events from a business's systems to Meta.

Meta Ads

Meta Lead Ads

Meta lead ads are ads that collect prospect information through an Instant Form or another supported lead conversion location.

Meta Ads

Meta Pixel

The Meta Pixel is browser-based code that records selected website actions and sends them to Meta for measurement, audience building and ad optimization.

Meta Ads

Meta Retargeting

Meta retargeting shows ads to people who previously interacted with a business, its website, app, content or Meta profiles.

Measurement

Measurement

Attribution

Attribution is the process of assigning credit for a conversion to one or more marketing interactions.

Measurement

Attribution Window

An attribution window is the period after an ad interaction during which a later conversion may be credited to that interaction.

Measurement

Call Tracking

Call tracking measures phone calls generated by marketing and connects them to sources such as campaigns, keywords or landing pages.

Measurement

Conversion Lag

Conversion lag is the time between a marketing interaction and the conversion it eventually influences or receives credit for.

Measurement

Conversion Rate

Conversion rate is the percentage of eligible visits, clicks or users that complete a defined conversion.

Measurement

Conversion Tracking

Conversion tracking records actions that a business considers valuable and connects them to marketing activity.

Measurement

Cross-Channel Deduplication

Cross-channel deduplication identifies when multiple platforms or touchpoints are claiming the same conversion and avoids treating those claims as separate sales.

Measurement

Data-Driven Attribution

Data-driven attribution is an attribution model that uses observed conversion paths and modeling to distribute credit among eligible marketing interactions.

Measurement

Event Deduplication

Event deduplication prevents the same real-world action sent through multiple tracking methods from being counted more than once.

Measurement

First-Party Data

First-party data is information a business collects directly through its own customer and prospect relationships.

Measurement

Google Analytics 4 (GA4)

Google Analytics 4 is Google's event-based analytics platform for measuring activity across websites and apps.

Measurement

Incrementality

Incrementality is the additional outcome caused by marketing compared with what would have happened without it.

Measurement

Marketing Mix Modeling

Marketing mix modeling uses aggregated historical data and statistical analysis to estimate how marketing and other factors relate to business outcomes.

Measurement

Offline Conversion Import

Offline conversion import sends outcomes that happen after the initial online interaction—such as qualified leads, closed sales or booked jobs—back into an advertising or analytics platform.

Measurement

Revenue Per Click (RPC)

Revenue per click is the average revenue associated with each advertising click.

Measurement

Server-Side Tracking

Server-side tracking sends marketing or analytics events from a server-controlled environment rather than relying only on code running in the visitor's browser.

Measurement

UTM Parameters

UTM parameters are standardized tags added to a URL so analytics tools can identify the source, medium, campaign and other details of referred traffic.

Measurement

View-Through Conversion

A view-through conversion is a conversion credited after someone saw an ad, did not click it, and converted later within the attribution window.

Marketing Economics

Marketing Economics

Average Order Value (AOV)

Average order value is the average revenue generated by each completed order during a defined period.

Marketing Economics

Blended ROAS

Blended ROAS is total revenue divided by total advertising spend across the selected business, channels or campaigns.

Marketing Economics

Break-Even ROAS

Break-even ROAS is the return on ad spend at which the contribution generated by attributed revenue equals the advertising cost.

Marketing Economics

Contribution Margin

Contribution margin is the revenue remaining after subtracting variable costs associated with producing and fulfilling the sale.

Marketing Economics

Cost Per Acquisition (CPA)

Cost per acquisition is the average marketing cost required to generate a defined acquisition or conversion.

Marketing Economics

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

Customer acquisition cost is the average total cost required to acquire a new paying customer.

Marketing Economics

Customer Acquisition Payback Period

Customer acquisition payback period is the time required for a new customer's cumulative contribution margin to recover the cost of acquiring that customer.

Marketing Economics

Customer Lifetime Value (LTV)

Customer lifetime value estimates the economic value a customer generates across the relationship with a business.

Marketing Economics

LTV-to-CAC Ratio

The LTV-to-CAC ratio compares estimated customer lifetime value with the cost required to acquire a new customer.

Marketing Economics

Marginal ROAS

Marginal ROAS is the additional revenue generated by an additional unit of ad spend.

Marketing Economics

Marketing Efficiency Ratio (MER)

Marketing efficiency ratio is total business revenue divided by total marketing spend for the same period.

Marketing Economics

Profit on Ad Spend (POAS)

Profit on ad spend measures profit or contribution attributed to advertising relative to advertising cost.

Marketing Economics

Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)

Return on ad spend is revenue attributed to advertising divided by advertising cost.

SEO & AEO

Definitions first. Strategy second.

These entries are intentionally direct. Where Darlington has a deeper guide, the definition page links to it for implementation, examples and decision-making.